במדבר, פרק כ״ח, פסוק ה׳

The daily offering involves more than just an animal; it incorporates the agricultural produce of the land, demonstrating that a person's property and daily sustenance are dedicated to God. While the animal sacrifice represents complete personal devotion, the accompanying grain offering serves as a profound recognition that God is the ultimate source of all abundance, existence, and national prosperity [רש ר הירש]. This grain offering is not a standalone gift like those detailed elsewhere in the Torah. Rather, it is an obligatory and inseparable companion to the daily sacrifice [רש״י, שפתי חכמים, מזרחי, גור אריה].

The offering consists of choice fine flour, which commentators agree is milled from wheat [חזקוני, מלבי״ם]. The exact volume required is a tenth of an ephah, equivalent to a tenth of three seahs [מלבי״ם]. The Torah deliberately uses this specific phrasing for the measurement to evoke the memory of the Manna that fell in the wilderness. By recalling the exact daily portion of Manna gathered by the Israelites, this offering permanently embeds the historical memory of God's direct providence and care for His people into the national consciousness [רש ר הירש].

This choice flour is then mixed with premium olive oil. The required amount of oil is a quarter of a hin, a volume equal to three logs [חזקוני], or slightly more than one liter [ביאור שטיינזלץ]. The oil must be extracted from select, fully ripened olives using a meticulous and gentle method. Instead of being forcefully crushed in a heavy vat or undergoing a cooking process, the olives are carefully pounded in a mortar and squeezed by hand. This extraction process ensures that no dregs or waste mix into the liquid, yielding an exceptionally clear and pure oil fit for the offering [בכור שור, חזקוני, מלבי״ם, ביאור שטיינזלץ].