שמות, פרק כ״ח, פסוק י״ט

The third row of precious gems on the High Priest's breastplate presents a fascinating historical mystery. Over the centuries, the exact identities of these specific stones have become uncertain, prompting a variety of geographical, physical, and historical explanations to uncover their true nature.

The first stone in this row is understood to be a small gem resembling a seed. Its origins might be geographical, with some suggesting it was named after the ancient city of Leshem [נתינה לגר]. Ultimately, however, its precise identity remains in doubt [קאסוטו].

The second gem shares a similar level of uncertainty [קאסוטו]. One approach suggests a fascinating physical characteristic: it may be a stone that formed around a trapped insect or small creature. This idea connects to the concept of captivity, a theme echoed in the ancient Aramaic translation of the stone, which uses a term related to locking and enclosing. Another perspective traces this gem to various foreign regions, with theories ranging from stones brought from ancient Persia to later assumptions that it refers to precious gems imported from Brazil [נתינה לגר].

The third stone is known for its distinct visual features, described as having the appearance of a calf's eye. Beyond its unique look, the essence of the gem conveys a deep sense of strength and robust power [נתינה לגר].