A clear message is delivered to Rehoboam, the king of Judah, and the specific population living under his rule. The address is aimed directly at the people geographically located within the borders of the territories of Judah and Benjamin [מצודת דוד, ביאור שטיינזלץ].
Beyond simply identifying the location of the audience, the nature of this address reveals an interesting demographic detail about the kingdom. It shows that the region was not exclusively home to its original, native residents. Alongside them, individuals from the other tribes of the Israelites had also settled within these borders, choosing to remain under Rehoboam's continued authority [רלב ג].