תהלים, פרק מ״ח, פסוק ה׳

A dramatic assembly of foreign kings unfolds as they march together toward Jerusalem. This gathering was carefully prepared and coordinated in advance, with a specific time set for the rulers to meet [מצודת ציון, מצודת דוד]. The primary approach among commentators views this event as the formation of a hostile military alliance. These kings united with a shared goal to invade, conquer, and wage war against the city [אבן עזרא, מצודת דוד, מלבי״ם]. Some view this gathering as a prophetic vision of the future war of Gog and Magog, where the nations of the world will join forces for a massive campaign against Jerusalem [רש״י, רד״ק, המאירי].

The rulers deliberately set out as a unified front rather than launching individual attacks. Joining forces was meant to boost their confidence and courage, ensuring their hearts would not soften when the moment arrived to destroy the city [אלשיך]. One perspective notes that this joint journey actually took place over the water, with the kings sailing together on ships across the sea of Tarshish [מלבי״ם]. Yet, despite their fearless planning, the invasion quickly fell apart. Confronted by the clear display of God's providence protecting Jerusalem, the kings were overcome with sudden terror and panic. They rushed to flee the scene, while some even sought safety by placing their faith in Him [מלבי״ם, המאירי].

In sharp contrast to the theme of an invasion, another approach presents a completely peaceful picture. According to this view, the gathering was not a military campaign at all. Instead, it was a friendly, mutual visit where foreign rulers coordinated a meeting to travel together and tour Jerusalem in peace [ביאור שטיינזלץ].