דברים, פרק כ״ד, פסוק ב׳

פרשת כי תצא

Deuteronomy 24:2Sefaria

וְיָצְאָ֖ה מִבֵּית֑וֹ וְהָלְכָ֖ה וְהָיְתָ֥ה לְאִישׁ־אַחֵֽר׃

The transition of a divorced woman leaving her first husband's domain to form a new marital bond carries profound legal and moral implications regarding boundaries, separation, and the essence of marriage. The first step in this transition is a complete physical and social disconnection. The woman must leave the home and neighborhood of her former husband, and they are forbidden from living in the same shared courtyard or alleyway [קיצור בעל הטורים, שפתי כהן]. However, if the house belongs to the woman, it is the man who must depart [שפתי כהן]. This separation must be absolute and visible to the public [אבן עזרא]. Furthermore, once she remarries, she is required to distance herself from her former husband's neighborhood even more than what was expected of her while she was single [מלבי״ם, תורה תמימה].

The sequence of these events establishes a strict moral boundary. It is only after the divorce is finalized and the woman has physically left her former home that she is permitted to seek a new partner. Pursuing someone else while still married is considered a deep moral flaw and an act of promiscuity [העמק דבר]. Furthermore, the conceptual link between the act of leaving through divorce and entering a new marriage creates a fundamental legal parallel. Just as a divorce is enacted through a formal document, requires clear intent, and can be facilitated by a messenger, the process of marriage shares these exact features. Marriage can be established through a document, strictly requires the woman's consent, and can be carried out through an appointed messenger [תורה תמימה].

Regarding the nature of her new relationship, there are varying perspectives. While some interpret her new status as referring only to a fully consummated marriage [אבן עזרא, ביאור יש״ר, ביאור שטיינזלץ], the primary approach among commentators is that even the preliminary stage of engagement alters her status. Consequently, if she merely becomes engaged to a second man, her first husband is permanently forbidden from taking her back [העמק דבר, הכתב והקבלה, חזקוני, רש ר הירש]. This prohibition against returning to the first husband is triggered exclusively by an official marital bond with a new partner. If she engages in promiscuity after her divorce without a formal marriage, she remains permitted to her first husband [חזקוני, רש ר הירש].

The designation of the second husband as a distinctly different man carries both ideological and legal weight. Conceptually, it highlights a stark contrast in character between the two men. The first husband expelled a wicked woman from his home due to her destructive behavior, whereas the second man, differing greatly in his judgment, chose to bring that same woman into his home [רש״י, מזרחי, שפתי חכמים, משכיל לדוד]. Legally, this designation excludes close relatives, establishing that a valid marriage can only occur with someone legally permitted to her, rather than forbidden family members. Additionally, it dictates that a divorce document must universally free the woman to marry anyone. If a husband issues a divorce but attaches a condition forbidding her to a specific individual, the entire divorce is rendered invalid [תורה תמימה]. Ultimately, the concepts outlining this marital transition are deeply embedded in later prophetic tradition. The prophet Jeremiah adopts this exact imagery as a metaphor to describe the complex relationship between God and the Israelites, demonstrating how deeply rooted the Torah's legal formulations are throughout the generations [אם למקרא].

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עזרו לנו להגדיל תורה ולהאדירה. תחזוקת האתר והשבחת התוכן כרוכות בהוצאות מרובות. תרומה קטנה שלכם תסייע לנו להחזיק את הפלטפורמה ותהפוך אתכם לשותפים מלאים בהנגשת חוכמת המקרא.

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