ירמיהו, פרק כ״ה, פסוק י״ג

A sweeping decree of total divine retribution is directed toward a mighty empire, fulfilling warnings recorded long ago. God has set His sights on the kingdom of Babylon, promising to bring about its complete downfall [רש״י, ביאור שטיינזלץ]. The details of this impending doom are specifically documented in the collection of prophecies concerning Babylon and the rest of the nations, located at the end of the Book of Jeremiah [רש״י, מצודת דוד, מלבי״ם, ביאור שטיינזלץ].

There are different perspectives on how this massive scale of punishment will unfold and how it involves the rest of the world. One approach suggests that God will not only inflict the specific punishments decreed for Babylon, but He will also add to their suffering all the disasters destined for the other nations [מלבי״ם]. Under this view, Babylon will experience the exact same severe judgment that awaits the rest of the world [רד״ק]. Alternatively, the involvement of other nations does not mean an accumulation of different punishments falling upon Babylon. Instead, it identifies the very forces God will use to deliver the final blow. It is the surrounding nations themselves who will rise up, invade, and completely destroy Babylon down to its foundations [מצודת דוד].