A deep cry of disbelief arises when considering the danger and sheer lack of logic in repeating past sins, especially after experiencing God's mercy and surviving disaster. The people had already endured severe punishment for their past actions. Yet, they received a profound divine grace that allowed a small group of them to survive. Given this history, it is completely baffling how they could even consider breaking the commandments again by intermarrying with the surrounding nations [מצודת דוד, רלב״ג, מלבי״ם, ביאור שטיינזלץ]. The very idea of returning to these old ways is a rhetorical question, highlighting the absurdity of such a choice [רש״י].
Such intense ingratitude guarantees a harsh response. Questioning whether God would be angry is not an expression of doubt, but rather the confirmation of an absolute certainty [רש״י]. This divine anger represents a deep rage and fury [רס״ג, ביאור שטיינזלץ]. More specifically, it points to the complete exhaustion of His wrath poured out entirely upon the people [מלבי״ם].
The result of repeating such a betrayal would be utter destruction. In the past, a few managed to survive strictly because of God's mercy. However, this time, the resulting anger would bring about total annihilation, leaving absolutely no remnant or survivor. God would extend no further grace to a nation that carelessly ruins everything He had just granted them [מצודת דוד, רלב״ג, מלבי״ם, ביאור שטיינזלץ].