תהלים, פרק קל״ו, פסוק ג׳

Praising God involves recognizing His absolute supremacy over every force and system operating within creation. While the universe is filled with powerful entities that seem to govern daily life, true gratitude requires acknowledging the ultimate authority who directs them all.

The primary approach among commentators is that these governing forces refer to the celestial bodies and star systems [רד״ק, מאירי, מצודת דוד]. These cosmic elements are considered masters because they exert influence over the earth and guide the physical world. However, God remains the supreme master over every one of them, bending and directing the heavens entirely according to His will.

Alternatively, others explain that these forces are not physical celestial bodies, but rather angels who serve as the guiding princes and leaders of the earth [אבן עזרא]. This perspective raises a fundamental question about the nature of God's kindness. Why is His control over these ruling angels and national princes considered an act of enduring love? On the surface, it might seem preferable for such forces not to exist at all.

The underlying reason is that the existence and divine direction of these forces are necessary to sustain the world. As long as humanity remains unpurified from ancient sins, these higher angelic princes are required to discipline and guide the nations. Their role in the world is comparable to the seventy bulls offered during the holiday of Sukkot, which were sacrificed to provide atonement for the nations of the world [אלשיך]. Through this system, God ensures the continued existence and eventual purification of humanity.