במדבר, פרק ט״ו, פסוק י״ב

A fundamental principle of the sacrificial system is the unbreakable link between an animal offering and its accompanying gifts of grain, oil, and wine. Every sacrifice is part of a complete package, and the exact proportions must be meticulously maintained. The primary approach among commentators is that no matter how many animals are sacrificed—even if the quantity is remarkably large—a distinct grain, oil, and wine offering must be provided for every single animal [רש״י, שד״ל, אבן עזרא, שטיינזלץ]. It is impossible to bring one single set of accompanying offerings to cover multiple sacrifices, even if the animals are of the exact same type [רש״ר הירש, גור אריה]. The requirement is a strict one-to-one ratio, ensuring that the number of accompanying offerings precisely equals the number of animals [בכור שור, ביאור יש״ר, שפתי חכמים, מזרחי].

This precise matching carries a strict prohibition against altering the fixed amounts. A person cannot reduce the required measure of the offerings, nor can they add to it [תורה תמימה, מלבי״ם, נחל קדומים, גור אריה]. This limitation is particularly notable because, in other circumstances, an individual is perfectly allowed to volunteer and bring standalone liquid offerings. The rules of separation also dictate how the materials are handled. The accompanying offerings for different types of animals, such as a sheep and a ram, cannot be mixed together, though the offerings for multiple animals of the exact same species may be combined [רלב״ג]. Furthermore, if a person substitutes one animal for another before the sacrifice, the required grain and wine must match the specific type of the new animal that is actually offered [מלבי״ם, צפנת פענח].

These accompanying gifts are an absolute, objective obligation for every sacrifice. Because they are so essential, if they are not brought at the exact moment the animal is offered, the obligation remains. They must be brought later to complete the process, even if that means bringing them at night or on the following day [רש״ר הירש]. This creates a practical solution for a community bringing public sacrifices. If the community does not currently possess enough grain and wine for all the animals they are offering, they may bring the accompanying gifts for just one animal immediately, and complete the rest the next day once they obtain the necessary supplies [העמק דבר, ברכת אשר].