The tense reunion between the brothers after years of silence is marked by immense anticipation. Before a single word is exchanged, physical actions set the tone for the encounter, blending a father's protective instinct with diplomatic submission and deep spiritual reliance.
Stepping into the role of family leader, Jacob chooses to walk at the very front of the group [ביאור שטיינזלץ]. The primary approach among commentators is that this decision stems from a father's deep mercy and desire to protect his children. Jacob resolves that if his wicked brother chooses war instead of peace, he will absorb the first blow himself, keeping his family safe behind him [רש״י, רד״ק, צאינה וראינה]. Conversely, some suggest that stepping to the front reflects complete confidence. Having just survived his nighttime struggle with the angel, Jacob is no longer afraid. He also recognizes that Esau camped nearby throughout the night without attacking, a clear sign of peaceful intentions. With a secure heart, Jacob moves forward as the central figure [ביאור יש״ר, קונטרס חיבה יתירה].
Moving forward in immediate proximity [תורה תמימה], Jacob bows to the ground multiple times. This repeated bowing is designed to show deep respect and acceptance of authority. Jacob wants to prove that he has no intention of lording over his brother as a master, despite the blessings he received from their father. Instead, he presents himself as a submissive servant [ביאור יש״ר, ביאור שטיינזלץ], hoping to soften his brother's natural anger [אלשיך].
The specific choice to bow seven times, rather than the customary three, carries distinct meaning. Some view seven as a symbolic number favored by the Patriarchs, representing a continuous spiritual tradition [אם למקרא, ביאור שטיינזלץ]. Others connect it to the proverb that a righteous man falls seven times and rises again, serving as a spiritual exercise to help Jacob remove any lingering negative traits from his heart [רד״ק, רבנו בחיי, קיצור בעל הטורים]. A completely different spiritual perspective suggests that Jacob is not actually bowing to his brother at all, but rather bowing in gratitude to God, who is passing before him and providing protection [אלשיך].
The bowing is a continuous process; Jacob bows repeatedly as he walks, with the seventh bow bringing him right up to his brother [הכתב והקבלה, ביאור יש״ר]. Yet, he stops just short of making actual physical contact. His brother is already standing in place and waiting, providing yet another indication that he does not seek war [קונטרס חיבה יתירה]. Because Jacob halts his approach to bow one last time before reaching him, his brother is forced to run forward and close the final gap to stop him from bowing any further [העמק דבר, בכור שור].