חגי, פרק ב׳, פסוק ז׳

As the time of ultimate redemption draws near, a profound global upheaval is destined to unfold, ultimately resulting in the glorification of the final Temple through the wealth of the world's nations. The nature of this worldwide shaking is understood in several ways. It may manifest as a literal, physical disruption, with earthquakes and thunder striking fear into people across land and sea [אבן עזרא]. Alternatively, this movement might be entirely internal. God will stir the hearts of the nations, planting a deep urge and restless anxiety within them to leave their homes and seek out the majesty of the Temple [רד״ק]. Another perspective views this turbulence through a military lens, explaining it as the chaotic gathering of nations for the war of Gog and Magog, an end-of-days conflict that will immediately precede the true redemption [מצודת דוד, מלבי״ם].

Following this global unrest, immense wealth will flow toward Jerusalem. The treasures of the nations—silver, gold, precious stones, and fine garments—will be brought to the Temple. The primary approach among commentators is that the nations will bring these valuable items willingly, offering their riches as a tribute to God [אבן עזרא, רד״ק, מלבי״ם, ביאור שטיינזלץ]. However, another viewpoint suggests a more conflict-driven arrival. The nations will initially bring their wealth to fund their war against Jerusalem, only to meet their destruction; the Israelites will then collect these riches as spoils of war and dedicate them to the Temple [מצודת דוד].

Ultimately, God promises to fill the sanctuary with glory, which refers directly to the vast accumulation of this material wealth [מצודת ציון]. This designated place is the final, long-awaited Temple, destined to be rebuilt on its original site, serving as a beacon where all nations will gather at the end of days [מצודת דוד, מלבי״ם].