שופטים, פרק ב׳, פסוק י״ג

The historical decline of the Israelites' faith reaches a dramatic breaking point, shifting from merely adopting local customs to a complete disconnection from the Creator and a full transition into idolatry. The people began to worship Baal and Ashtarot, which are names of foreign idols [מצודת ציון] that specifically symbolized fertility and happiness [ביאור שטיינזלץ]. The Ashtarot figures were distinctively crafted in the shape of female sheep [רד״ק].

This abandonment carried profound theological weight. It was rooted in actual heresy, as the people denied God's role as the creator of reality, leading to an outright rejection of Him [מלבי״ם]. This spiritual downfall occurred in stages. Initially, the Israelites attempted to merge their faith with the surrounding culture, worshipping God in partnership with foreign deities. However, this moment marks a final and total departure. They completely ceased their worship of God, dedicating themselves exclusively to Baal and Ashtarot [אברבנאל].

Understanding this progression explains the divine reaction. When the people merely combined their worship of God with other idols, God was angered but remained patient. Yet, this complete abandonment and exclusive devotion to idolatry triggered His severe wrath. Consequently, immediate punishments followed. The nation was handed over to plunderers and enemies, suffering constant defeat in all their military battles [אברבנאל].