דברים, פרק כ״ז, פסוק כ״ה

פרשת כי תבוא

Deuteronomy 27:25Sefaria

אָרוּר֙ לֹקֵ֣חַ שֹׁ֔חַד לְהַכּ֥וֹת נֶ֖פֶשׁ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑י וְאָמַ֥ר כׇּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃ {ס}

Bribery often takes place in the shadows, with both the giver and the receiver carefully hiding their actions. Yet, despite its quiet nature, the consequences of such corruption can be devastating, ultimately leading to the tragic loss of human life. The primary approach among commentators is that this curse is directed at a judge. The moral decline of a judge is a gradual process. A magistrate who begins by accepting bribes in minor financial disputes will eventually stray from honesty in far weightier matters. From there, it is a short path to completely perverting justice, even to the point of causing an innocent person's death [ביאור שטיינזלץ].

However, others disagree and argue that the one taking the bribe is not a judge, but rather a false witness [אבן עזרא, הטור הארוך, ביאור יש״ר]. Since the corruption of justice by a judge is already addressed in a previous curse, this specific warning must refer to an individual who accepts payment to provide false testimony, directly resulting in the execution of an innocent person [ביאור יש״ר].

The circle of harm extends beyond the formal justice system. The curse also targets gossips and informers who seek to gain money or find favor in the eyes of the government. This mirrors the actions of Doeg the Edomite and the Ziphites, who informed to King Saul and thereby caused terrible bloodshed [ספורנו, קיצור בעל הטורים]. Another perspective focuses on the bystander. If a person sees someone about to murder an innocent victim and has the ability to protest and stop it, but instead accepts a bribe to look the other way and remain silent, they too are included in this curse [העמק דבר].

On a deeper moral level, the concept of bribery applies to the internal compromises a person makes with themselves. This includes someone who destroys their own soul for the sake of physical pleasures, failing to weigh the permanent spiritual loss against a temporary gain. A powerful example of conquering this internal bribery is found in the story of Judah and Tamar. Initially, Judah ordered that Tamar be burned. Yet, when she presented him with his personal items, he refused to let his desire to avoid public shame act as a personal bribe. Instead, he immediately admitted the truth, ensuring that innocent blood would not be shed [מלבי״ם].

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