ירמיהו, פרק י״ז, פסוק כ״ג

Throughout history, the ancestors of the nation displayed a relentless and stubborn refusal to follow the commandments of God. They completely rejected His instructions and intentionally ignored any words of correction [רש״י, מצודת דוד, מלבי״ם]. Not only did they disobey, but they refused to make even the slightest effort to pay attention [מלבי״ם].

Their uncompromising stubbornness is compared to someone who intentionally makes their neck rigid, physically unable to turn their head to see or hear the person calling out to them [מצודת דוד, מצודת ציון, שטיינזלץ]. This posture of turning away was a deliberate choice. They acted this way with the clear goal of avoiding any correction or guidance from the prophets [מצודת דוד].

This deep-seated rejection took two distinct forms. First, by refusing to listen, they actively shut down any rational or intellectual awakening. Second, by refusing to accept moral instruction, they completely ignored the fear of facing punishment for their actions [מלבי״ם].