יהושע, פרק י״ט, פסוק ו׳

The allocation of land to the tribe of Simeon concludes with a specific tally of their cities, yet a simple count of the locations listed previously presents a mathematical puzzle. While the final total is stated as thirteen cities, counting the individual names yields fourteen. This discrepancy is resolved by understanding that two of the names, Beth-lebaoth and Sharuhen, actually refer to a single geographic entity rather than two distinct towns [מלבי״ם]. Beth-lebaoth represents the city itself, while Sharuhen refers to the specific area situated just outside its limits.

This surrounding area underwent significant historical and physical changes over time, which is reflected in the different names it holds throughout the Bible [מלבי״ם]. Originally, it was known as Shilhim, a name pointing to the lush fields and pomegranate orchards that grew outside the city walls. As time passed, these agricultural fields ceased to exist, and the land was simply absorbed into the city as an annexed, extra space. During this phase, it became known as Sharuhen, a name indicating a surplus area. Centuries later, during the era recorded in the book of Chronicles, gates were constructed in this expanded zone, prompting yet another name change to Shaaraim, meaning gates.

The entire list of cities assigned to Simeon captures a specific, temporary moment in history. This tribal inheritance, which included prominent cities like Ziklag, remained under Simeon's control only until the reign of King David. In later generations, a portion of these cities was transferred to the jurisdiction of the kings of Judah [מלבי״ם]. Ultimately, this designated region contained exactly thirteen primary cities, which were supported by a network of smaller surrounding settlements and rural courtyards [ביאור שטיינזלץ].