ירמיהו, פרק ל״ג, פסוק ט׳

The future restoration of Jerusalem and the redemption of Israel will not be a quiet, local event. Instead, the events will echo across the globe, serving as a universal testimony to God's greatness and the transformative power of returning to Him. As the once-desolate city is rebuilt and overflows with blessings, it will become a widely recognized example to the world. Seeing this transformation, the nations will rejoice in Israel's salvation, offering praise to God and recognizing His ultimate truth [מצודת דוד, ביאור שטיינזלץ]. There is an even deeper dimension to this gladness. The Israelites' return to God will be driven by love, a powerful process that actually transforms past wrongs into spiritual merits, creating a profound source of joy [חומת אנך].

Alongside this joy, the profound changes will also trigger a physical reaction of trembling, born of anxiety, jealousy, or deep emotional turmoil [מצודת ציון, מלבי״ם]. There is an interesting discussion regarding exactly who will experience this fear. The primary approach among commentators is that this dread will take hold of the surrounding nations and enemies. When they witness the earthly Jerusalem perfectly reflecting the glory of the heavenly Jerusalem, negative forces will surrender, and the nations will be struck with awe [חומת אנך, רד״ק]. This reaction is twofold. First, the nations will be too afraid to wage war against Israel because of the deep peace and power established there. Second, they will shake with jealousy over the vast abundance granted to the city [מלבי״ם, ביאור שטיינזלץ].

In contrast, a unique perspective suggests that this fear and trembling will actually be felt by the Israelites themselves. Overwhelmed by the immense good God has showered upon them, they will be terrified of sinning ever again, deeply afraid of losing the incredible blessings they have received [מצודת דוד]. Ultimately, all of these intense reactions, whether from the nations or from the people themselves, are directed toward Jerusalem, the ultimate focal point of all this promised good and peace.