עמוס, פרק ה׳, פסוק ב׳

Amos 5:2Sefaria

נָֽפְלָה֙ לֹא־תוֹסִ֣יף ק֔וּם בְּתוּלַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נִטְּשָׁ֥ה עַל־אַדְמָתָ֖הּ אֵ֥ין מְקִימָֽהּ׃

A tragic vision unfolds, depicting a nation experiencing total collapse, likened to a young, helpless woman who has fallen to the earth and been left completely alone. The nation is portrayed as an untouched maiden because, up until this moment, she had never been conquered or dominated by foreign rulers [מצודת ציון, רד״ק]. Now, she experiences a severe and dangerous fall, one so devastating that a person cannot recover from it independently [מלבי״ם]. She faces absolute abandonment, discarded and shattered like a broken object thrown into an open field [רש״י, מצודת ציון, ביאור שטיינזלץ]. This profound humiliation happens while she is still on her own soil. Even before being forced into exile, she is left weak and depleted at the hands of her enemies [מצודת דוד, רד״ק].

A harsh declaration is made that the nation will never rise again. This presents a massive difficulty, as other prophets promised that the Ten Tribes of Israel would eventually return to their land [אברבנאל]. One way to understand this permanent fall is by looking at the nation's political independence. This indicates that the Ten Tribes will never again possess a separate, independent kingdom. Instead, when they finally return, they will reunite under the rule of a single king from the royal line of David [רש״י, מצודת דוד, אברבנאל]. A narrower view suggests this permanent end refers specifically to the royal house of Jehu [אבן עזרא].

Another perspective suggests that the warning of never rising again is not an absolute, eternal doom, but rather a description of a very long period. The exile of the Ten Tribes will be vastly prolonged, continuing even through the era of the Second Temple, yet they will ultimately return [רד״ק].

A central approach focuses on the nation's lack of a rescuer, explaining the inability to rise as a complete loss of internal strength. The nation simply cannot recover on its own. Its kings and leaders are powerless and fail to guide the people toward repentance, which is the only true path to restoration [רד״ק, מצודת דוד, מלבי״ם]. However, this helplessness is not the final outcome. The absence of anyone to raise her up highlights that God has currently stepped away. Right now, He has left her, so there is no one to lift her. Yet, in the future, God alone will be the one to raise the nation from the dust, just as He promises later to rebuild the fallen shelter of David [חומת אנך, אברבנאל בשם הזוהר].

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