שמואל א, פרק כ״ג, פסוק ב׳

David faces a tactical and moral dilemma regarding the Philistine threat to the city of Keilah. The invading force is large and intimidating, completely paralyzing the local residents who stand by as the enemy loots their property. Recognizing that he and his men have the capability to repel the attackers, David decides to seek divine guidance before launching into battle [ביאור שטיינזלץ].

The method David uses to communicate with God is a matter of discussion. A minority view suggests that he simply offers a prayer and receives God's answer through divine inspiration, noting that the Ephod is only mentioned later in the narrative. However, the primary approach among commentators maintains that David uses the Urim and Thummim to ask his question. They explain that the later detail about Abiathar the priest fleeing to David with the Ephod actually serves to clarify retroactively how this specific inquiry is conducted. Furthermore, the phrasing used to describe asking God is a standard, widely recognized expression for consulting the Urim and Thummim [רד״ק, חומת אנך, ביאור שטיינזלץ].

David directs his question specifically at the nearby Philistine force that is actively harassing his tribesmen [ביאור שטיינזלץ]. Following his request, a distinct pause marks the transition to the divine response [מנחת שי]. God provides a clear and affirmative answer, commanding David to go out, strike the Philistines, and save the people of Keilah while assuring him of success.