ויקרא, פרק י״ד, פסוק י׳

Following a seven-day period of initial cleansing, the afflicted individual reaches the final stage of reintegration into the community and the renewal of his covenant with God. The eighth day represents the earliest possible moment to complete this purification [רלב״ג]. This timing depends on the individual having shaved and immersed on the previous day, allowing the sun to set on his initial cleansing. If these preparatory steps are delayed until the eighth day, the final sacrifices must be postponed to the ninth [מלבי״ם, אדרת אליהו]. At this juncture, the individual is still not permitted to fully enter the Tabernacle courtyard because his atonement remains incomplete; instead, he stands waiting at the entrance [רלב״ג, ביאור יש״ר].

To achieve full purification, he brings three specific animals: two unblemished male lambs and one female lamb in her first year of life, measured from her birth rather than the calendar year [מלבי״ם, העמק דבר, ביאור יש״ר]. While the exact purpose of each animal is not explicitly detailed at first, standard sacrificial laws dictate their roles. Since burnt offerings are exclusively male and sin offerings female, one male lamb serves as the guilt offering, the second as the burnt offering, and the female as the sin offering [רמב״ן, רש״י, מזרחי, אבן עזרא, חזקוני]. Ideally, the two male lambs should be physically identical, though they remain valid if they differ [מלבי״ם, אדרת אליהו]. The requirement of exactly one female lamb indicates that a single sin offering suffices, regardless of how many afflictions the individual suffered [מלבי״ם, אדרת אליהו], and it marks this particular sin offering as having slightly unique laws compared to others [העמק דבר].

Accompanying the animals is a substantial offering of fine flour mixed with oil, measuring over seven liters [ביאור שטיינזלץ]. This introduces an exceptional rule. Ordinarily, sin and guilt offerings do not require accompanying flour libations. However, the purification of the afflicted individual is a unique exception that demands these additions. The three measures of flour correspond directly to the three lambs, providing one measure for each sacrifice [רש״י, מזרחי, תורה תמימה, מלבי״ם, ברכת אשר, רד״צ הופמן].

Finally, the individual brings a log of oil, roughly a third of a liter [ביאור שטיינזלץ]. The primary approach among commentators is that this oil is entirely distinct from the oil mixed into the flour offering. Instead, it is reserved exclusively for the physical purification ritual, where the priest sprinkles it and applies it to the individual's earlobe and toes [רש״י, מזרחי, שפתי חכמים, ביאור יש״ר, דברי דוד]. The precise requirement of exactly one log ensures consistency. An impoverished person brings fewer animals, but a wealthy person bringing three lambs might mistakenly assume he must bring three logs of oil. The law clarifies that only a single log is used for the ritual, regardless of the individual's wealth [מלבי״ם, אדרת אליהו, גור אריה]. Conceptually, this oil represents health, physical abundance, and vitality, serving as a divine blessing and a promise of complete healing for a body weakened by the affliction [רש״ר הירש].