יחזקאל, פרק ל״ו, פסוק ל״ח

The promise of redemption and the demographic revival of the Land of Israel is painted with vivid imagery that bridges the world of Temple worship with the physical restoration of the land. The massive return and multiplication of the people is envisioned by comparing them to immense flocks of sheep.

The primary approach among commentators links this imagery directly to the massive herds brought to Jerusalem during the three pilgrimage festivals to be offered on the altar [מצודת דוד, רד״ק, ביאור שטיינזלץ]. The focus here is on the sheer volume of the crowds. Some highlight the festival of Passover in particular, a time when the amount of sheep in Jerusalem reached unprecedented levels because every pilgrim was required to bring a lamb for the Passover sacrifice [רש״י, רד״ק].

Alongside this focus on immense quantity, another perspective offers a deeply spiritual meaning. Comparing the returning nation to dedicated, holy animals serves to highlight the restored purity of the people. Just as the sacrifices brought to the Temple are holy and unblemished, the Israelites who will multiply in the land will be entirely clean from sin, with their past wrongdoings completely forgotten [רש״י, רד״ק].

As a result of this blessing, the desolate and ruined cities will once again overflow with massive crowds of people [צאינה וראינה]. Comparing human populations to herds of sheep illustrates an extraordinary rate of growth. By borrowing the natural trait of rapid and abundant reproduction found in these animals, the vision projects this same explosive population growth onto the people who will rebuild the cities [מצודת דוד, מצודת ציון]. Ultimately, at the end of this miraculous process of growth and restoration, the new historical reality will serve as undeniable proof to everyone that God is entirely faithful to fulfill His word and His promises [מצודת דוד].