יהושע, פרק כ״ב, פסוק י׳

The journey of the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half of Manasseh back to their territory is marked by a dramatic event that sparks a national crisis. Upon reaching the Jordan River, these tribes construct a massive altar, a move immediately interpreted by the rest of the nation as a dangerous spiritual rebellion.

The structure is built on the western bank of the river, within the borders of the land of Canaan [מצודת דוד, מלבי״ם], positioned closely to the water [מצודת ציון]. Choosing to build on the western side, rather than in their own territory on the eastern bank, is a deliberate statement. It serves as a physical declaration that these tribes have no desire to separate from the rest of the Israelites [מלבי״ם].

The primary approach among commentators is that this structure is never intended for offering sacrifices. Instead, it is purely a monument meant to be seen. It stands as visible proof that the tribes living across the river remain an inseparable part of the nation and share a connection to the true altar located at the Tabernacle in Shiloh [אלשיך]. The physical design of the altar reflects this intention. It is built unusually tall and completely lacks stairs, making it practically impossible to use for actual sacrificial service. This architectural choice makes it clear that the structure is solely a memorial and a landmark [מלבי״ם].

Despite the pure intentions behind the construction, the rest of the Israelites are unaware of its true purpose, leading to widespread fear and intense anger [אלשיך]. Establishing a public altar anywhere outside the Tabernacle is viewed as a severe violation of the law and a direct rebellion against God. The requirement to centralize worship in one location is designed to demonstrate the unity of God and to prevent the nation from slipping into idol worship.

Viewing this act as a profound threat, the remaining tribes gather to wage war against their brothers. Their goal is to eradicate this perceived evil and establish a firm deterrence for future generations, following the logic applied to a city that has been entirely led astray. Yet, before launching an attack, the tribes choose to seek clarity. They send a delegation led by Phinehas, the son of Eleazar the priest, along with the leaders of the community, to investigate the situation, issue a warning, and rebuke the builders [רלב״ג].