ירמיהו, פרק ל״א, פסוק כ״ד

A prophecy of restoration paints a picture of a return to a safe and peaceful life, where farmers and shepherds coexist in harmony and security. The exact location of this peaceful settlement is viewed from different angles. The primary approach among commentators is that the promise refers to the entire land of Judah and all of its cities [רד״ק, ביאור שטיינזלץ]. Another perspective suggests the focus is specifically on Jerusalem, building on an earlier description of the city as a home of justice [מצודת דוד]. Taking a more spiritual approach, the dwelling is understood as a promise that the cities and all their inhabitants will be completely filled with justice [מלבי״ם].

The restored society will be supported by those who work the soil and those who tend to the animals. Farmers will return to plowing the earth, while shepherds will travel peacefully alongside their flocks [מצודת ציון]. The primary approach among commentators is that this movement reflects a profound sense of security, reminiscent of ancient times. Shepherds will be free to wander from place to place in search of pasture without any fear of enemy attacks. In contrast, another perspective views the role of the shepherds as a sign of moral repair. Historically, wandering shepherds were often considered robbers who allowed their animals to graze in fields belonging to others. In this restored era, they will abandon their wandering ways, choosing instead to settle down permanently and live with justice [מלבי״ם].