דניאל, פרק י״א, פסוק ל״ב

Times of crisis and foreign oppression often reveal a deep divide within a nation, separating those who collaborate with the ruling power from those who remain spiritually loyal. Some commentators identify the foreign ruler in this historical moment as the Roman leader Titus [אבן עזרא, יוסף אבן יחיא], who operates with sharp political cunning. He targets the wicked among the Israelites—those who have abandoned their covenant with God to align themselves with the foreign regime [רש״י, מצודת דוד]. A specific tradition identifies this group of traitors as the Sadducees [יוסף אבן יחיא]. To win them over, the ruler uses smooth words and flattery, seducing them into his service and convincing them to forge a political alliance with the Romans [מלבי״ם, ביאור שטיינזלץ].

In sharp contrast to these traitors stands the faithful response of the loyalists. The primary approach among commentators is that the focus shifts to the upright members of the nation who truly know God. Even as the foreign leader flatters and tempts the wicked, these righteous individuals hold firmly to their fear of God and their commitment to His covenant, continuing to actively observe the Commandments of the Torah. This steadfastness is not merely passive faith but involves concrete actions to save the nation, as seen in the historical efforts of leaders like Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai and his colleagues [מלבי״ם].

However, a completely different perspective exists regarding the latter half of the narrative. Rather than referring to the righteous Israelites, this view suggests the text actually describes Titus's own soldiers. According to this interpretation, the Roman troops were terrified of the Jewish fighters and wanted to retreat to their homeland. In response, it was Titus who used encouraging words to strengthen his men, persuading them to stay and continue their war against Israel [יוסף אבן יחיא].