In the heat of their pursuit after the Philistines, the gathered military force of the Israelites arrived at an area filled with an unexpected and sweet temptation [מצודת דוד, רד"ק, ביאור שטיינזלץ]. As the army advanced into the thicket, they discovered honey. Even though honey was not technically classified as the bread that Saul had strictly forbidden his men to eat under oath, it still presented a powerful temptation to the soldiers [מלבי"ם].
Commentators offer different perspectives on the exact nature of this overgrown area and the source of the honey. One approach suggests that the soldiers walked into a dense thicket of sugarcane native to the land of Israel, with the sweet syrup found within the canes [רש"י, מצודת דוד, מצודת ציון].
Alternatively, others understand the area to be a literal forest of trees [רד"ק]. According to this view, the honey was produced by massive swarms of bees living among the branches. The sheer volume of bees caused the honey to overflow and drip continuously from the trees, pooling on the ground below [רד"ק, רלב"ג]. A complementary explanation suggests that the field contained actual beehives arranged in neat rows. In the chaos and frenzy of the battle, these hives were likely knocked over or shattered, causing the honey to spill out across the earth [רלב"ג, ביאור שטיינזלץ].