The recognition of the vast gap between limited human comprehension and infinite Divine knowledge lies at the very heart of how God watches over the world. God's awareness is entirely unbounded by the physical constraints of matter, space, or time, allowing His perception to penetrate even the most absolute darkness.
The primary approach among commentators is that God chooses to reveal profound mysteries to His devoted servants, sharing knowledge that human beings could never discover on their own. By uncovering the profound secret of a dream for Daniel, God actively demonstrates this transmission of hidden wisdom [רש״י, אבן עזרא, יוסף אבן יחיא]. There is a precise distinction in the types of information God brings to light. Certain matters remain inaccessible simply because their intellectual depth surpasses human cognitive ability. Other realities are concealed from human perception and can only be grasped through prophecy. Finally, there are events shrouded in darkness because they have not yet occurred, such as the unfolding of the future [מלבי״ם].
Unlike humans, who must study, investigate, and draw logical conclusions, God requires no such process. Everything already lies open and fully formed before Him. He does not need to analyze or deduce; He simply reveals that which is already entirely clear to His perception [אבן עזרא, אלשיך].
A fundamental difference exists between human vision and Divine perception. Flesh-and-blood sight relies on an external light source bouncing off an object and entering the eye, which is why a person is rendered blind in the dark. God's awareness, however, does not rely on physical senses or external illumination. Light is inherent to Him, and it is His knowledge itself that projects light onto reality. Therefore, darkness poses no obstacle to His ability to see and know everything [מלבי״ם, אלשיך, יוסף אבן יחיא]. Because His perception is essential and not dependent on physical organs, He effortlessly discerns the deepest hidden thoughts of the heart and the quietest whispered words [אלשיך].
This understanding serves as a definitive response to philosophers who argue that God is too elevated and spiritual to concern Himself with a lowly, material universe. The very act of God revealing the future of earthly empires proves that the murky, physical nature of this world does not block His spiritual light from overseeing every minute detail. Furthermore, light dwells with God, rather than God dwelling within the light. He is not contained or limited by any spiritual space; rather, all illumination emanates and cascades directly from Him [אלשיך].
Beyond philosophy, there is an inner, mystical dimension. The concept of darkness alludes to the realm of impurity. God remains intimately aware of the holy, oppressed souls trapped within that spiritual darkness, and from the light that dwells with Him, He sends them the vitality needed to survive [חומת אנך]. Additionally, the sages teach that this light points toward the identity of the Messiah King, who is destined to bring ultimate and complete illumination to the entire world [מנחת שי].